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Education in Chongqing is comparatively developed. The Municipality's efforts already constitute a quite complete educational system ranging from kindergarten, elementary and vocation education, advanced leading to adult teaching programs with extensive educational teams and multi-faceted schooling methods. The Chongqing’s global collection of books for pedagogic and scientific research purpose amount to 11 million.
Since the economic reform and opening up to the outside world and especially since Chongqing became the municipality directly under central authority, the higher education entered in a phase of healthy and booming development. Marked progress has been made in school size, facilities and teaching quality.
Chongqing University, Southwest Agricultural University, Southwest University of Political Science & Law, Southwest Chine Normal University, Chongqing Medical University and Third Army Medical University are among the Municipality’s 25 regular institutions of higher education famous throughout China. There are 52 doctoral research stations, 234 stations of mastership awarding and 7 ambulatory station of post-doctoral study. In April 1996, Chongqing University passed the preliminary examination for the entrance to "211 Program", under which the Chinese central government will concentrate investment during the ninth "Five-Year Plan" period to help them rank among world first-class advanced learning institutions in the 21st Century.
University and college enrollment in Chongqing currently reaches 90,000 students. The proportion of four-year regular program students to 2/3-year specialized program students is 2.14 to 1. Engineering study has the largest number of specialized programs, which is followed by literature, economics, science, law, medicine, agriculture educational study and history.
Also new trends in scientific research and economic development are included in teaching materials. Practical experiences are emphasized. Dual Degrees and specialization programs are opened to train versatile professionals. Chongqing already has adopted the compulsory education and placed a legal guarantee for children to receive a nine-year compulsory education. Local governments at various levels are responsible for implementing the compulsory education and must include elementary education in local economic and social development plans. The nine-year compulsory education covers 99.7 per cent of the Municipality’s children aged between six to 11 years old. High School enrollment covers 97.7 per cent of the urban areas’children. The number of enrollment in total of 1,555 regular secondary schools has reached 1.10 million students, and over 2.90 million pupils in 15,737 primary schools. The various adult teaching programs in Chongqing received over 3.50 million enrollments.
Various measures have been taken to build up the teacher’s resources. A quite strong teaching faculty structure and improved living conditions has enabled teachers to show an upgraded proficiency. Remarkable progress have occurred in teachers’education and proficiency degree. In universities and colleges, professors and associated professors make up 26.36% of the teaching faculty. More than one third of the teachers have master degree. In kindergarten, elementary and middle schools, teachers should have education of specialized, college and university schooling respectively. The Municipality has also established a training system for teachers.
The two universities specialized in pedagogic education provide degree programs for full-time teachers. The Chongqing Education Institute, Teachers Training Center plus district and county-run education institutes and training centers are responsible for the full-time training of teachers in Chongqing. The municipal education administration also selects teachers to join in study, research and internship programs abroad. The elementary education’s target is to cultivate in children high moralities and intelligence, to develop strong health and personality and to foster the students’initiative and creativeness in order to build up the foundation for fostering a generation with noble aspiration, high morals, profound knowledge and strict discipline. Emphasis has also been given to developing study attitude whit enthusiasm, willpower and other virtues.
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